Introduction: Oxidative stress is a topic of great interest to the biomedical sciences community. Each year, new studies are published reporting novel findings, highlighting the need to synthesize recent and relevant literature for a better understanding of the subject.

Objective: To synthesize relevant literature from the past five years on diseases related to oxidative stress.

Methods: A structured approach was followed based on the collection, analysis, and synthesis of the most relevant and updated scientific literature, in line with the following stages: Information Search; Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria; Analysis and Synthesis of Information; Organization of Information; Ethical Considerations.

Conclusions: Research in this field has allowed a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of oxidative damage and the exploration of therapeutic strategies to mitigate its impact. However, further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidant treatments and their long-term impact on human health.

KEYWORDS: Antioxidants; Oxidative damage; Oxidative stress; Chronic diseases; Antioxidant system.